– Nickel Cadmium abbreviated Ni-Cd, batteries are the most common rechargeable batteries in the world. It is important that you discharge these batteries fully before charging them, or they will lose their capacity and you will get less run-time in-between charges. This is often referred to as the “Memory Effect”. In Rc the Ni-Cd battery has the highest voltages and allow the highest current draw of all the battery chemistry presently. Making these the cells of choice for sprint racing. It is also very important that you recycle these batteries because nickel cadmium is toxic and harmful for the environment.

 – Nickel Metal Hydride abbreviated Ni-MH, batteries have been around for some time, but haven't been able to take the high current drain of Rc boating. In the last year or so these problems have been worked out and we to now benefit from the high capacity cells. Ni-MH batteries have higher capacities (mAh) than Ni-Cd batteries and are not affected by the “Memory Effect”. They are more expensive than Ni-Cd batteries, however they will last longer than Ni-Cd batteries in-between chargers, and will therefore have a longer life span.  These batteries unlike Ni-Cd cells typically run just as good if not better the second or third run during the day. You also need to make sure the charger you buy/have has the ability to charge Ni-MH chemistry batteries. These cells are the cells of choice for sport and endurance racers.

 – Lithium Ion abbreviated LI-ON, batteries are the newest battery chemistry that exists today. Lithium Ion rechargeable batteries offer higher voltage and capacity then a Ni-Cd or Ni-Mh of the same weight. The draw back to these cells is the very high cost. Also at this date(3/27/03) cant take the high current drain of Rc boating unless run in parallel. By running in parallel, we double the weight losing the beneficial gains of LI-ON.

The number of times you can recharge your batteries will depend on the operating parameters, such as drain rate, battery care, etc. In general, under the very high drain rates of Rc boating these batteries wont last as long as say a video camera. Keep cells charged over the winter and cycle them a few times. This will help extend the life of the batteries.

You should never fast charge any batteries unless you a have a built in charger with built-in battery peak detector, or you have calculated the charge time for your battery pack. If you fast charge NiCad & NiMH batteries and leave them unattended without the right charger they can explode and cause fires. We recommend never leaving charging batteries unattended!

– Lithium Polymer abbreviated Lipo, cells are the latest (as of this date 7/01/2007) cell technology for rc vehicles.  They are very different than round cell type chemistries like the Ni-Mh and Ni-Cd.

Individual Lithium Polymer cells have a nominal voltage of 3.7 volts (vs. 1.2volts per cell for Ni-Cd/NiMH). 

Unlike Ni-Cd/Ni-MH cells that self-discharge when wired in parallel, LiPo cells can be hooked up, charged and discharged in parallel. Wiring two LiPo cells in parallel doubles the capacity (more run time), plus an important advantage of wiring in parallel is that each cell only sees half the total current, which saves the cells from being overworked in a high amp application. You will hear the terms "S" & "P" used when people talk about these cells. "S' stands for series, and "P" for parallel. For example a 2S 2P
battery pack has 4 cells in total. Two cells in series paralleled with two more cells in series. This pack has 7.4 volts.

All LiPo cells packs should give you a stated C rating or continuous current rating. This is the maximum average recommended discharge current for the cell. For example, a 1000mAh pack with a 10c rating should not be discharged more than 10 amps continuous. To figure that out 1000mAh x 10c = 10,000mAh or 10 amps. We recommend that if your application will draw more than 60% of that rating, buy higher rated cells. Beware of "burst" ratings. Burst ratings are amp rating for only a few seconds. This is a poor way to judge the cells ability.

This is a basic overview of LiPo cells. Please search the internet for information on using and charging these safely. NEVER leave them unattended. Store them in a safe fire proof container!

Key to terms you'll see used on many pages dealing with batteries.

Amp Hours (Ah) – Refers to the amperage – the strength of the electrical current expressed in amperes that the battery can hold. The higher the Ah, the longer the battery will last in-between charges.

Capacity – Measured in Amp Hours or Milliamp Hours and is the amount of time the battery can supply the necessary voltage.

Cell – One individual battery canister. Commonly arranged with other cells to form battery packs of different voltage and capacities.

Charge – With the use of a charger, charging a battery will insert energy into it.

Condition or cycle– The process by which a battery is discharged and charged in order to guarantee maximum performance. It works basically like this. Charge your batteries fully. Allow them to cool before using them. Then use your batteries as you would normally do. Not allowing them to completely die (this will kill your batteries) 

This is one  complete cycle.

Discharge – The process of taking energy out of a battery.

Life Cycle – The amount of times a battery can be charged and discharged before it no longer has any power.

Memory Effect – The Effect that represents the decrease in capacity and voltage in Ni-Cd batteries due to repetitive charging and incomplete discharging. This results in loss of run-time in-between charges.

Milliamp Hours (mAh) – Applies to how much energy the battery can store – the capacity of the battery. The higher the mAh, the longer the run-time in-between charges. One mAh is the equivalent to 1/1000 Amps. IE: 2.7 Ah = 2700 mAh

Self-Discharge – If batteries are fully charged and sit on the shelf for one-two months, they will Self-Discharge. By Self-Discharging the batteries will lose capacity on their own without being used or placed in a charger that discharges the batteries.