Spray painting a Radio Controlled Boat By Ralph von Eppinghoven from Metro Marine Modelers Toronto, Canada For a hard copy of this article you can download the PDF version and print it out.
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
Many Fast Electric (FE) boat builders and racers create terrific race boats, but shy away from painting the finished hulls. Often racers and builders are uncertain about the best way to achieve a good "paint job" with a nice smooth finish, good depth of color, and a hard coat that withstands scratches and bumps during racing. This article will explain, in a step-by-step manner, the basics of painting fiberglass or ABS plastic hulls using conventional aerosol spray paint cans. All of the boats in Photo 1 were painted using these simple techniques, and it is easy to achieve the same results by preparing the hulls correctly and following a few basic painting steps.
Photo 1: Plastic, wood and fiberglass, Fast Electric boats that were painted using the techniques described in this article.
SECTION 2: MATERIALS AND PAINTING AREA
2.1 Required Materials:
The following materials are required to prepare and paint the hull and deck. If the hull to be painted is made of plastic, care must be taken to select a paint that will not harm plastics. Krylon brand paint is an excellent paint that is safe for all plastics and fiberglass, dries quickly, and is readily available at hardware and building supply stores. For this reason, it is the recommended paint of choice.
Photo 2 shows the typical supplies required to spray paint the RC boat. Notice the dual canister mask to protect the user against paint fumes. Paper "dust masks" are not adequate and are nearly useless to protect against paint fumes. As well, old clothing should be worn when painting since it will get covered in a "mist" of paint and take on the shade of color that is being painted.
Photo 2: Typical Painting Supplies
2.2 Preparation of a Painting Area:
The first step to a good paint job is to have a warm, dry, clean, ventilated, place to paint. The painting areas needs to be at room temperature for the paint to dry and it should be as dust free as possible. For these reasons, it is not recommended to paint the boat outdoors in open areas – for sure dust and debris will blow onto the wet paint and mar the finish. A portion of a heated garage, on old storage area, or even an unused room, can be converted into a temporary spray area. If possible, select an area that has a window for ventilation. Remove all items from the painting area. Once the spray painting starts, a fairly dense mist of paint will envelope the paint area and all unprotected objects will be covered in the mist and take on the hue of the painted color! Once the area has been cleared, hang plastic drop sheets from the ceiling to the floor all the way around the painting area. Then cover the floor with newspaper. Lastly, place an old crate or cardboard carton in the center of the area to support the object to be painted. Photo 3 shows an old storage room that is used for spray painting. Note the plastic sheets draped around the walls and the newspaper floor covering.
Photo 3: Prepared Paint Area with Hull Ready for Color Coats
When applying the spray paint, always try to ventilate the area to the outside through a fan or window. As well, always wear a respirator mask and make sure it fits properly, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for fitting and wearing. Lastly,even modest sized hulls will require a lot of spraying. This creates a huge amount of paint mist that can seep under doors and through cracks. Taking the time to prepare your painting area and protect the surroundings will save a lot of clean up after the painting is done.
SECTION 3: HULL AND DECK PREPARATION
The following hull preparation steps are the same for both a fiberglass and plastic hulls.
3.1 Before Painting:
Prior to painting, it is recommended to test the boat to ensure the boat operates as expected and that there are no hull leaks. It is unwise to paint a hull prior to running and testing. There is nothing more frustrating than having a perfect paint job ruined due to hardware changes needed to get the boat running properly or hull repairs for leaks. Test the boat in racing or sport running conditions and test for leaks using "bath tub tests".
3.2 Hull Preparation:
Once the boat has been tested and no major faults found, it is ready for painting. The first step, as shown in Photo 3, is to remove all of the external running hardware and RC components. Make sure to remove the motor, speed control, receiver, servo and batteries. They could be damaged by inadvertent overspray during the painting process. Then wash the hull in warm water and hand dish washing soap to remove fingerprints, oils, grease other chemical agents used in the manufacturing process. Next sand the hull, only in the areas to be painted, with 400 grit sandpaper if it is a fiberglass hull, and 600 grit if it is an ABS plastic hull. The fiberglass hull needs a coarser grit of sandpaper since it is necessary to remove the shine off the gelcoat to ensure the paint will stick well to the hull. The softer ABS plastic is easier to sand and requires a finer sandpaper. After the sanding is completed, use "tack cloth" (a sticky rag specially made to pick up dust and dirt) to remove the sanding dust from the hull and hatch.
SECTION 4: MASKING AND APPLYING PRIMER
The first coat of paint to be applied is a "primer". The primer is specially formulated to bond to the unpainted surface much better than color coats. Proper application of primer to a well prepared hull ensures that the paint will not flake or chip easily.
4.1 Masking:
Once the hull has been prepared, it will be necessary to mask off the areas that are to remain unpainted. In this example, the hydroplane hull will have a green painted upper surface and the bottom of the hull remains yellow gelcoat. Photo 4 shows the hull masked to cover the lower portion, which will remain bellow.
Photo 4: Hull Masked and Ready for Primer Coat
Mask the desired areas by using a high quality and flexible masking material. Good quality masking tape can be used for this. Another tip is to use ½" automotive striping at the edges since it is very thin and contours well to the hull, thus resulting in a very clean painted edge. Once the edge has been masked, regular "low tack" masking tape (sometimes call "green painters tape") can be used to mask the remainder of the hull and hatch. Make sure the tape is well sealed to avoid overspray from getting under the tape layers. Be sure to seal the interior of the hull to avoid paint being sprayed on the components inside the hull. The hull can be sealed by carefully packing newspaper into the hull as shown in Photo 4
4.2 Applying the Primer:
The hull is now ready for the first coat of paint – a primer. Spray on the sandable primer and let this coat dry fully (usually 24 hours). Since Krylon primer dries very quickly and does not easily run or cause drips, it is usually possible to get good coverage with one "wet" coat of paint on the hull or deck. A "wet" coat means that the paint should be applied uniformly on the surface so that it is thick enough to look shiny and wet when it is applied.See section 5.2 for spray painting tips.
Once the primer has dried thoroughly (after 24 hours), sand the primer coat with fine sandpaper, such as 400 grit, to remove any imperfections and obtain a smooth surface. Often, the primer coat will have a rough finish due to the rapid drying and overspray of the primer. Taking extra care to sand the primer and get a good smooth surface will ensure a smooth color coat. After sanding, carefully wipe the entire surface with a tack cloth to remove the dust and debris.
The primer coat will also highlight any hull imperfections. If necessary, they can be filled using common fillers or putty, sanded smooth, and re-primed. For fiberglass hulls, auto body glazing or spot putty is recommended. For ABS plastic hulls, common modeling putty such as Squadron White Putty can be used. Make sure to reapply the primer paint to the filled in areas.
SECTION 5: APPLYING THE COLOR COATS
Applying the color coats is the critical part of the paint job. Be patient and don’t rush the work or drying times. It is also recommended to use the same brand of primer and color paints to ensure paint compatibility.
5.1 Selecting a Color Scheme:
The color scheme can be based on actual boats, historical or researched photos, or the builder’s whims. In all cases it is recommended to give due consideration to the visibility of the boat, especially for racing. The boat must be clearly visible to avoid disastrous racing collisions if the boat flips or becomes disabled during a race. It is recommended that the bottom of the hull always have a bright color, such as white or yellow, and that the upper surface at least have portions of bright colors. As shown in Photo 1, all of the boats have white hull bottoms, except the yellow on the bottom of the Bardahl boat, and multi-color upper surfaces.
Given the high quality finish of many white ABS of white gelcoat fiberglass hulls, it is recommended to leave the portions of the hull that are to remain white as unpainted, and to simply paint the desired colors on the other parts of the hull. This is a simple way to obtain and two-tone finish on a model boat. Care must be taken when selecting the paint for an ABS hull since many common aerosol paints will harm the plastic. It is recommended to use KRYLON brand paint since it is safe for all plastics.
5.2 Applying the Color Coats:
In order to get a smoother finish coat, it is recommended to warm the aerosol can in hot tap water prior to application. This warms the paint and results in better paint flow from the can. In order to avoid drips, "orange peel" and "patchy" paint, it is recommended to use a 2 coat coverage approach, with the coat being a mist coat.
Spray a light "mist coat" of the desired color over the primer coat. Do not try to fully cover the hull - just try to get a uniform "mist" of paint on the hull. Use of the mist coat prevents the paint from dripping and forming runs in the finish. The mist coat is the foundation for the next "wet" coat, which will cover the hull. After the first mist coat is dry, a second coat of paint will be applied to get the solid coverage required on the painted area. Spray on this second coat such that the surface is evenly covered and looks "wet". After the wet coat is dry, inspect the finish of the hull – a second wet coat may be required to obtain the desired depth of color. Always sand the paint with 600 grit sandpaper between coats. In most cases, the mist coat plus one wet coat is all that is required to provide excellent paint coverage.
The following spray painting tips will help ensure a good finish to the color coats:
In order to obtain a smooth finish, it is critical to plan the sequence of painting such that overspray is avoided on the wet paint. It is recommended to paint the bottom of the hull first – any overspray will land on the hull sides. Then paint the sides, being careful to spray slightly upwards to avoid any overspray on the bottom – any overspray should only be on the hull top. Lastly, paint the top, working from the centre outwards, and being careful not to get overspray on the sides. In this way, the overspray is simply like another mist coat and it gets covered by the wet coat, thereby resulting in a smooth finish on all surfaces.
Photo 5: Finished Color Coats (Prior to Clear Coating)
SECTION 6: APPLYING A SECOND COLOR COAT FOR DETAILS OR PATTERNS
Once the base color has been applied and thoroughly dried, additional colors or patterns can be painted onto the hull.
6.1 Applying a Second Color :
Once the base color coats of paint are fully dried (this should be at least 72 hours, but the longer the better), additional different color coats can be applied. In this example, shown in Photo 5, black paint was used to outline the engine and cockpit areas on the hull, and yellow paint was used on the deck tail fin. The techniques to apply the additional colors on top of the base coat are identical that those described in previous sections. Care must be taken to use low tack masking tape on the base color coats to avoid marring the recently dried base color paint. Also, make sure that the area to be painted has been lightly sanded to roughen the surface for better paint adhesion.
6.2 Masking for Complex Patterns:
It is possible to paint complex patterns on the boat hull by masking the shape to be painted and then applying the desired color onto the base coat. Of course the key to success with this is to accurately mask the desired shape. In this example, the unique black "batwing" shape was to be painted on the bow of the replica Miss Bardahl shovelnose hydro. This "batwing" pattern and other complex shapes can be painted by following the steps described below:
Photo 6: Masked Pattern on Bow
SECTION 7: DECALS AND PIN STRIPING
It is quite easy to apply decals and pin striping to add interesting graphics to the boat, once the base colors have been applied.
7.1 Applying Pin Striping:
The first step in decaling is to apply pin stripes if desired. It is recommended to use high quality, flexible, vinyl, pin striping since it will bend and flex to fit the curved contours. As shown in Photo 1 and Photo 7, the Miss Bardahl hydroplane model has 1/16" white striping applied around the green/yellow paint edge and the black batwing. The Great Planes brand of "Kwik Stripe" is available in a variety of widths and works well for this application. Simply apply the striping by starting at one end of the hull and gently unrolling the stripe and applying it to the hull as it is unrolled. The same technique is used to apply the pin stripe around the batwing shape. It may be helpful to warm the pin stripe roll with a hairdryer to make it softer and more flexible when applying it to the complex batwing contour.
Wider pin striping, such as 1/8" can also be used to outline the windshield on offshore cockpit mono hulls as shown in Photos 1 and 8. It should be noted that the metallic stripes such as silver are not as flexible as the black pin striping. For this reason it is recommended to used back striping with a silver windshield. Of course, it is possible to reverse these colors, but the silver pin striping will be more difficult to appy around complex curves.
7.2 Applying Decals:
The FE boats shown in Photo 1 have various types of vinyl decals, such as Auto Graphics, Axxent Signs, and FDM, applied to them. The decals are simply trimmed to shape and then carefully applied to the hull. If it is anticipated that it will be necessary to slide or re-position the decals to obtain the right fit and location, simply spray on WINDEX window cleaner on the hull at the decal location prior to applying the decal. Then apply the decal on the WINDEX solution and move the decal to the desired position. When the decal is in the right place, gently squeeze out the WINDEX solution from underneath the decal using a soft cloth. Once all of the WINDEX has been squeezed out from under the decal, the decal will adhere in place.
SECTION 8: CLEAR COATS
In order to protect the decals, stripes and paint, and to provide a glossy shine to the finished boat, a final layer of "clear coat" paint should be applied to the entire hull surface - eve the unpainted areas. Care should be taken to use the same brand of glossy clear coat as the color coat of paint to ensure that the clear coat will properly adhere to the paint. The same mist coat and wet coat painting techniques that were used for the color coat should be used for the clear coat. Typically, only one wet coat is required for good coverage of the clear coat.
Photo: 7: The finished radio-controlled boat with multiple colors, decals, and clear coat
SECTION 9: MAINTAINING YOUR FINISH
It is possible to maintain the "factory fresh" paint job that has been applied to the RC boat hull by regularly doing a small amount of maintenance to protect the finish.
9.1 Waxing the Painted Surfaces:
Most large ponds used for FE racing and sport running, are typically contaminated with organic and man-made pollutants. These pollutants can affect the paint finish over time. In order to keep the finish "like new", periodically rinse the hull with clean water, wipe dry, and hand apply a coat of automotive paste of liquid wax to the hull. Carefully apply the wax using a damp, soft cloth. When the wax is dry, carefully buff the wax to a bright shine. Wax can be applied to both painted and unpainted surfaces.
9.2 Touch Ups:
Normal FE boat use, and particularly racing, will result in occasional dings and scratches in the paint finish. The easiest way to fix scratches is to "touch up" the scratches by hand painting the original spray paint onto the marks. To minimize the touch up areas and reduce the visibility of the scratches, do not sand or try to blend the scratches – just carefully dab the paint onto the scratches using a fine tipped brush. The easiest way to do this is to simply spray a small puddle of the original color paint into a small jar and then dab the paint from the jar onto the hull.
These techniques are very effective in keeping you FE boat looking like new. The proof is the two mono hulls, shown in Photo 8, that have been regularly used for club racing for 3 seasons.
Photo 8: Mono Mania – Some FE Boats That Have Been Racing for Several Seasons
By patiently and carefully following these techniques, it is possible to easily develop exciting and eye-catching paint schemes for RC boats. Enjoy your painted FE boat!
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